Follow the reluctant adventures in the life of a Welsh astrophysicist sent around the world for some reason, wherein I photograph potatoes and destroy galaxies in the name of science. And don't forget about my website, www.rhysy.net



Thursday, 28 March 2013

Binge Drinking vs Binge Coding

Binge drinking is a bit like wrestling a shark, it might be fun, but it's not necessarily a good idea to video your activities and post them on YouTube. Seriously, read the links.



Binge coding - that is, doing nothing but writing computer code day in, day out - can also have deleterious effects. Currently, moments after waking (usually around 6:30, which doesn't help) and overcoming the customary momentary existential crisis - a sort of mental flailing of the arms - the first thing I find myself thinking is something like, "Hmm, I wonder how I can translate the bounding box values in a postscript file into the world coordinate system of an HI data cube ?"

And yes, you're right, that is a little worrying.

I continue to be unwaveringly preoccupied with such esotericisms (no, spellchecker, I did not mean eroticisms) until very late at night. At which point, while shaking slightly and murmuring things like, "renzograms...  matplotlib...  mesh geometry all wrong..." I reluctantly surrender consciousness. And that's on a Saturday.

Alright, I'll confess. My ulterior motive for this post is that I'm really hoping to generate a Googlewhack*. It turns out that there are currently zero results returned in Google for "renzogram matplotlib." Matplotlib is a popular graph-plotting package for Python. Renzograms are a curiously unpopular (though hardly unknown) type of plot, of which more in a subsequent post, perhaps (they can be really quite pretty, especially in 3D).

* With luck, this will be the least viewed post ever !

They also look quite a lot like the time vortex in Dr Who. This may well be the first ever renzogram generated by matplotlib posted on the internet. GO ME !

Anyway, the effects of binge drinking and binge coding can be very similar. For one thing, both cause anti-social behaviour, though of radically different natures. An angry drunk may tend to hit people. A happy drunk may tend to hit on people, or possibly just sing loud obnoxious songs. Whereas the binge coder will simply refuse natural light, shun all human contact and occasionally wonder why no-one's calling any more.


The effects are also similarly dissimilar on health. In the short term, neither does very much harm except to cause an unpleasant sense of confusion and a headache. In the longer term, full-blown alcoholism leads to all kinds of problems, like death. I can't imagine that it's physically possible to code oneself to death -

if self.alive == true:
   reality.unlink(self)

- probably doesn't work, for instance, but it's certainly not going to convey much in the way of health benefits to be shut away in a darkened room gorging on all manner of snack food with nothing to drink except tea and root beer. Well.... not if this continues for a whole year, at any rate.

However, binge drinking can be (except in extreme cases) self-limiting. Eventually, you run out of money, or throw up, or pass out, or possibly all three (but not necessarily in that order). Unfortunately, there's no such in-built safety net with binge coding, In fact, binge coding will more often than not leave you with more money that when you started.

Case in point.

Granted (to pick an example ENTIRELY AT RANDOM) generating, oh, I don't know, renzograms with matplotlib is unlikely to lead to the next Angry Birds, but it's still earning a salary rather than burning one. While I suppose sheer exhaustion might cause you to pass out eventually, it's probably not possible to code oneself into puking :

if self.coding >= excessive:
   for x in self.stomach:
      remove.x

No, the only way to beat binge coding is to see it through to the bitter end. To fix ALL of the bugs so that generating renzograms with matplotlib becomes foolproof. And then eventually you find that all is done and you can resume science and write more coherent blog posts.

Tuesday, 26 March 2013

SPIKE

Thanks, reddit ! You rock !
Welcome, new followers ! May your visit be educational and your hovercraft full of eels !

Wait, what ? NEW followers ? NEW followers ??? Oh crap oh crap oh crap oh crap oh crap.... this means I have to make more content.... umm.... wasn't really prepared for this... bugger. Err, in the meantime, here are some popular articles you might enjoy, or might enjoy posting on reddit, or might not.



Deep Space Force
Galaxies are Pretty
Beginner's Guide to the Universe

Excuse me while I scramble to find something else to write about.... err.... back in a bit !

Monday, 25 March 2013

VY Canis Majoris - Or, Be Afraid. Be Very Afraid.

Recently I came across the following image :


Supposedly it depicts VY Canis Majoris, the largest known star. Not the most massive or the brightest, but the one with the largest diameter - a truly terrifying 1420 times bigger than our own Sun. It's a beautiful and inspirational image by the talented artist Facundo Diaz. But is it accurate ?

The image grabbed my attention, but the properly-cited physical characteristics on Wikipedia are what's really stunning. Other images have tried to put into perspective just how frickin' gargantuan this behemoth is, but I want to tackle this in a slightly different way. The most natural approach to me is to consider what would happen if, somehow, our Sun was magically and instantaneous swapped with VY Canis Majoris.

The result, in a word, is death. Complete and total death. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, the million tiny worlds of the main asteroid belt, and even Jupiter - all gone. Jupiter, in fact, would find itself about 70 million miles below the surface of the star. It's a thought experiment to make Schrodinger's Cat look like the kindest act of animal welfare.



"Surface" in this case is a tricky concept. Although the star is staggeringly vast, it doesn't have all that much mass, considering. It may have a volume 10 billion times greater than the Sun, but its mass is only 17 times greater. That gives it an average density of next to nothing - a thousand times thinner than ordinary air (of course, the interior regions where nuclear fusion is occurring will be very much denser).

Not only is the outer part of the star a pretty good approximation to a vacuum, but the gravity would also be only about a quarter as much as on the surface of the Earth (on the surface of our own Sun, gravity is about 28 times higher than on Earth). And that means that the nice, well-defined spheres in the above images are just wrong. It might be better to think of it as a searingly hot, blinding nebula than a star. It might not even be spherical.

What it definitely would be is utterly spectacular. From the orbit of Saturn, the star would fill half the sky. It would appear less like a star and more like a stupendous flaming wall of fire.

I cannot hope to match the beauty of Diaz's render, but I shall give it a damn good try.

Actually, what it would look like to the naked eye is not much of anything, because it would cause instant blindness. The surface brightness of the star (i.e. how much energy it's putting out per square meter) is about one-sixth that of the Sun, which for all intents and purposes makes no difference. Imagine the Sun filling half the sky, and you get the idea.

In fact it's somewhat worse that that, because the amount of energy received by a luckless "observer" would be about five million Watts per square meter at Saturn - roughly 5,000 times what you get from the Sun on Earth. So there'd be no need to worry about the blindness because there wouldn't be time. The rings of Saturn - if not actually the planet itself - wouldn't last long either.

This means that whether Diaz's wonderful image is accurate or not is a moot point. It would be a sight, quite literally, of such awesome power that no human eye could ever see it.

Moving further out, things get better - slowly - but only because they can't very well get any worse. At the orbit of Uranus, the Star (it deserves a capital letter, and a better name) still absolutely dominates the view.



If we move along a planet, we come to Neptune. Now we can start to see that the Star is embedded in a nebula. This isn't surprising, given the insane amount of energy output, the low surface gravity and density - effectively, it's evaporating, wrapping itself in its own death shroud, if you will.

I cheated a little bit here. The "nebula" is actually an image of the Large Magellanic Cloud - a nearby galaxy - as seen in the infra-red.

At Pluto, the Star still appears much larger in view than the Sun does from Earth. Just in case I haven't hammered the point home yet, it's absolutely ginagorous.



The most distant man-made object is currently the Voyager 1 spacecraft. One hundred and twenty times further away from the Sun than Earth, it's somewhere that can only be described as cold, dark and incredibly lonely. Not so if our puny Sun makes way for YV Canis Majoris. Astonishingly, at this huge distance it would still span 6 degrees. The Sun as seen from Earth spans only 0.5 degrees.

Voyager model from NASA.

Oh, and I almost forgot. One day, this star is going to explode. Isn't science fun ?

Monday, 18 March 2013

Why I'm Not On Twitter And Never Will Be

I don't use Twitter. But if I did, I imagine my posts would go something like this :


I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I FOUND SOME HYDROGEN !

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I am looking for hydrogen.

I HAS FOUND ALL OF THE HYDROGEN. I HAS THE WIN.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I am downloading FITS files.

I have downloaded ALL of the FITS files. I R A WINNER !

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

I am doing photometry.

PHOTOMETRY IS DONE ! IT IS DA SHIZZLE.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

I am looking for trends in data.

Bored now. Writing code.

Codin'.

Still codin'.

Code is done. Took 3 days. Has just made last 6 months of work obsolete.

Sigh....

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

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I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I am writing a paper.

I HAS SUBMITTED A PAPER. NOW I SLEEP.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

I am revising a paper.

PAPER IS ACCEPTED ! MWHAHAHAHAH !

I am looking for hydrogen.